Moderator: Roberto TROTTA (SISSA) Synopsis This session will focus on the more recent advancements in the AI fields, giving particular attention to AI models for scientific discovery. Large language models and foundational models are revolutionizing AI, but will these models, trained on a very big set of unlabeled data, replace task-specific models traditionally implemented to solve scientific problems? Other themes on the agenda will be: societal challenges related to the rapid advancement of AI; AI's public perception; and the potential risks associated with the AI revolution, such as the divide between those having access to large computational resources and those who do not. The session will emphasize how the development of trustworthy AI and open foundational models may help bridge this gap and improve the public understanding and usage of this disruptive technology.