In this talk I review how the concept of Random Matrix Theory (RMT) is used as an effective field theory of the theory of strong interactions in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). I begin by stating the approximations made that map QCD to a sigma model - the theory of Goldstone modes - and ultimately to a RMT formulation. Various correlation functions in the relevant symmetry class can be computed either from the sigma model or RMT, and then compared to numerical solutions of QCD in that limiting regime. Recent developments include non-Hermitian RMT and complex eigenvalue spectra of the QCD Dirac operator.