The full counting statistics (FCS) is a generalization of the conventional electronic transport characteristics such as the non-linear current-voltage relation or noise power. It is described by the probability of transferring a certain amount of electric charge during a fixed very long period of time. It turns out to contain very sensitive information about the elementary charge of current carrying excitations as well as about the properties and nature of their mutual interactions. We demonstrate the power of the FCS technique applying it to the problem of inter-edge tunneling in the QHE bars, to the electronic transport through the Kondo and Anderson impurities as well as for the conductance properties of the Anderson-Holstein model. We discuss the results and address the existing experimental data.