Abstract: This seminar aims to give an introduction to the physics of strongly correlated fermions and bosons in one-dimension. I will start from the description of the Tomonaga-Luttinger-Liquid (TLL) which has been the cornerstone of our understanding of the properties of one dimensional systems. This universal set of properties plays in one dimension, the same role than Fermi liquid plays for the higher dimensional metals. I will give an overview of some of the experimental tests that were made to probe such TLL physics. In particular I will detail some of the recent experiments that were made in spin systems and which provided remarkable quantitative tests of the TLL physics. Than I will focus on bosons in one-dimension and discuss their properties and the effects of various perturbations on the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid state, as well as extensions to multicomponent and out of equilibrium situations. These extensions are specially targeted for the experimental realizations that have been provided by cold atomic gases in optical lattices.