Memory is one of the core brain functions of animals. Memories are distributed across cortical structures and have various time scales, ranging e.g. from sensory memory, short-term memory to long term memory. How  memories are organized as a deep network is a critical question both for neuroscience and artificial intelligence research.

In this talk, I will review recent progress in understanding the spatial memory circuits in the brain, and discuss neural network models of cognitive map. By understanding the dynamics and computational mechanisms of the memory circuits, it is possible to find a path to understand and create intelligence.